Wampum: Beads of Diplomacy
A
Canadian Exclusive
Bearing
witness to more than two centuries of diplomatic exchange between the
nations of North America
October
20, 2023 - March 10, 2024
The
Montreal’s
McCord
Stewart Museum presents a
new
exhibition Wampum:
Beads of Diplomacy.
For the first time, this unique
exhibition brings together over 40 wampum belts from public and
private collections in Quebec, Canada and Europe.
Wampum
are objects made from shell beads that were exchanged for over two
centuries
(from
the early 17th to the
early
19th century)
during
diplomatic meetings between nations in northeastern America,
including European nations. Also,
some
40
cultural objects from the same
period
also help to contextualize and explain their fundamental role.
Cultural
and political symbols
The
exhibition invites visitors to explore the cultural and political
symbolism of wampum. These objects were the physical representation
of words, agreements or laws that had to accompany any accord or talk
between nations. Spoken words were only considered sincere if
accompanied by wampum. These “belts of truth” therefore served to
materialize the word, to confirm it and to seal alliances. Visitors
will be able to understand the fundamental role of wampum in
relations between Indigenous and European nations, the relationship
between these objects and geopolitical issues in Canadian history,
and their significance and influence today.
Jonathan Lainey, Curator, Indigenous Cultures, and lead curator of the exhibition, stated:
“Since
wampum are valuable and coveted objects that bear witness to
international alliances at the very heart of Canada, it’s important
that we better understand them. We believe that putting on display
the majority of wampum preserved in Canadian institutions will spark
discussion and provoke thought. We hope this exhibition will create
opportunities for gathering and exchange, just as wampum did in the
past.”
In addition, the Museum is continuing its mission to amplify contemporary Indigenous voices by inviting the public to discover the work of contemporary artists Hannah Claus, Nadia Myre, Teharihulen Michel Savard and Skawennati, inspired by wampum, and to hear anecdotes from members of several nations through a series of videos.
International
collaboration
Developed
and co-produced with the musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac in
Paris, the exhibition was first presented in Paris and then at the
Seneca Art and Culture Center in Victor, New York. The only stop in
Canada, the Montreal presentation brings together the largest
selection of cultural belongings: it includes 13 wampum from the
McCord Stewart Museum collection, as well as the wampum belt
presented by the Kanesatake community to Pope Gregory XVI, which
has not been repatriated since 1831. Visitors to the exhibition will
also be able to view wampum and related objects – medals, weapons,
ornaments, moccasins, maps, engravings, books, etc. – from the
Museum’s own collection (66), as well as from the collections of
the Canadian Museum of History (11), Parks Canada (3), the Bank of
Canada Museum (5), the Musée de la civilisation (8), the Centre
d’Archives Régionales du Séminaire de Nicolet (3), the Musée
Huron-Wendat (1), the musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac in
Paris (18) and the Trésor de la Cathédrale de Chartres (2).*
*Important:
The wampum coming from the Vatican will be on display in the
exhibition until December 4, and those from the Trésor de
la Cathédrale de Chartes until January 14.
Publications
To
accompany the exhibition, the McCord Stewart Museum has published an
81-page illustrated booklet, both a souvenir of the exhibition and a
reference on the history and significance of wampum. The booklet
features photos of twelve wampum necklaces and other related objects
held by the McCord Stewart Museum, as well as excerpts of texts taken
from the exhibition. Available exclusively at the Museum Boutique for
$19.
Issue
33 of Gradhiva
magazine, produced in conjunction with the exhibition at the musée
du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac in Paris, will also be available at
the Museum Boutique. Titled Wampum
: les perles de la diplomatie,
it contains several essays on
This
exhibition is made possible with the support of the Terra Foundation
for American Art. This project is funded in part by the Government of
Canada, with the support of the Consulate General of France in Quebec
City.
Wampum:
Beads
of Diplomacy Symposium
Thursday,
February 22, and Friday, February 23, 2024, all day – Free – At
the Museum
Taking
advantage of the unprecedented context created by the exhibition
Wampum: Beads of Diplomacy, the Museum will be holding a
symposium devoted to wampum, bringing together Quebec, Canadian and
international specialists from a variety of disciplines who have
studied these unique objects and the social, political and religious
practices that surround them. This forum will promote the
de-compartmentalization of research: between disciplines, between
museums and universities, between community knowledge-bearers and
Indigenous studies departments.
Registration
for the symposium will open at a later date.
This
first ever major
exhibition devoted to wampum belts was
possible thanks to the unprecedented
collaboration between the Musée
du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac in Paris and the McCord Stewart
Museum in Montreal,
in addition to
generous support
of public and private institutions in Quebec, Canada and abroad, as
well as private individuals who agreed to
provide key
cultural assets from their personal
collections.
Click on Images to enlarge them
All photos @ Nadia Slejskova
For more information about current exhibitions and special evens associated with this exhibition, visit the McCord Stewart Museum website.
For this article's dedicated internet address, click on the title above the very first photo.