The
Treaty of the Great Peace of Montréal
was signed on
August 4, 1701
Pointe-à-Callière commemorates the Great Peace of Montréal
August 8 – September 26, 2026
Exactely 325 years ago, Montréal hosted one of the largest diplomatic gatherings in the history of North America.
Today,
the Pointe-à-Callière (PAC), Montréal’s archaeology and history
complex, is celerating the 325th anniversary of the signing of the
Great Peace of Montréal, an exceptional agreement between 38
Indigenous nations and representatives of New France signed in 1701
on the very site of the Pointe-à-Callière
Museum.
As part of the commemorations of this
pivotal event in the city’s history, the Museum is presenting an
interpretive tour, which provides further insight into the peace
process, marked by exchanges, negotiations, travel, and rituals. It
also highlights objects that bear witness to this period of history,
including wampum beads and fragments of peace pipes, some of which
were discovered at the Museum’s archaeological site. The visit
culminates at Fort Ville-Marie with the exhibition of the only known
copy of the treaty, an exceptional loan from the Archives nationales
d’outre-mer.
The
Great Peace of Montréal: A Major Diplomatic Event
To
this day, the Great Peace remains one of the most important
diplomatic gatherings in North American history! At the time, there
were only 1,200 inhabitants in Montréal. But on August 4, 1701, more
than 1,300 representatives from 38 Indigenous nations, along with
French and Canadian representatives, met at the Callière estate to
make peace and bring an end to nearly a century of
conflict.
However, the challenge was a considerable one.
There was an extraordinary continental dimension to the gathering,
given the geographical extent of the participants’ provenance—the
entire northeast of the American continent. This historic meeting
gave rise to an unprecedented opportunity for discussion, alliance,
and negotiation. Together, the participants signed the Treaty of the
Great Peace of Montréal.
For the first time the signed document is presented to the public in a vertical position, so that both sides of the four pages are exposed to the visitors.
The document is old and fragile, and for that reason the enclosure where it is displayed is dark. No photo flash is permitted.
The
Architects of the Great Peace
This
peace agreement is the result of a collective process that rallied a
great number of stakeholders: delegates from Indigenous nations,
French representatives, and interpreters who facilitated the
exchanges between peoples with different languages and
cultures.
Key figures at this event included, among
others, the Wendat chief Kondiaronk, known for his political
influence and oratorical skills, whose leadership was crucial both
before and during the negotiations. Also present was Louis-Hector de
Callière, Governor of Montréal—and later, Governor General of New
France—, who played an important diplomatic role throughout the
Great Peace process. The meetings with ambassadors that led to the
conclusion of this historic treaty notably took place at Callière’s
residence.
A
Major Turning Point in Montréal’s history
In
bringing an end to several decades of conflict, the Great Peace
established a period of stability lasting approximately 60 years,
contributing to the development of trade and reinforcing Montréal’s
strategic role on the continent. More than three centuries after its
signing, the Great Peace of Montréal remains a benchmark for
dialogue, negotiation, and coexistence between peoples. The
commemoration of the 325th
anniversary provides an opportunity to reflect on the historical
significance of this treaty, as well as the current relevance of the
values it embodies: listening, diplomacy, and the search for lasting
peace.
Summer
Programming Relating to the Great Peace of Montréal
Cultural
Activities
On
Sundays during the summer, enjoy free activities for the whole
family, including the one on August 9th,
which will mark the International
Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples!
(Free – Outdoors – 1 pm to 4 pm)
18th
Century Public Market
A
summer highlight, the 33rd
edition of the Public Market will be themed around the Corn
Festival.
This impressive re-creation of a market day in Montréal under the
French Regime is brought to life by various authentic characters who
frequented the market, with numerous activities taking place
throughout the event. (Free – Outdoors – Saturday, August 29 –
10 am to 7 pm || Sunday, August 30 – 10 am to 6 pm)
Acknowledgements
The
exhibition of the Great Peace treaty is made possible through the
exceptional collaboration of the Archives nationales d’outre-mer de
France, in partnership with Air Canada Cargo and Hôtel
Saint-Sulpice.
All photos @Nadia Slejskova
Click on any image for photo gallery.
About
Inaugurated
in 1992, on the city’s 350th
anniversary, Pointe-à-Callière is today the largest archaeology
museum in Canada and the busiest history museum in Montréal. Rising
above a concentrated number of historic and archaeological sites of
national significance—including the birthplace of Montréal—, the
Museum has a mission to preserve its collections and to further
knowledge, while showcasing and fostering an appreciation for
Montréal’s archaeological and historical heritage. This mission is
carried out through various activities focused on conservation,
research, presentation, education, and inclusion, along with
community initiatives benefiting both Montrealers and visitors to the
city. Pointe-à-Callière, proud partner of the City of Montréal.